In British English (BrE), the agentive -er suffix is commonly attached to football (also cricket often netball occasionally basketball and volleyball).colloq." in constructions such as to sleep nights, but to work nights is standard in British English). This usage has its roots in Old English but many of these constructions are now regarded as American (for example, the OED labels nights "now chiefly N. to form adverbs denoting repeated or customary action: I used to stay out evenings the library is closed on Saturdays. American English (AmE) freely adds the suffix -s to day, night, evening, weekend, Monday, etc.The Oxford English Dictionary in 1897 suggested a semantic distinction for adverbs, with -wards having a more definite directional sense than -ward subsequent authorities such as Fowler have disputed this contention. The forms with -s may be used as adverbs (or preposition towards) but rarely as adjectives: in the UK, as in America, one says "an upward motion". In both varieties distribution varies somewhat: afterwards, towards, and backwards are not unusual in America while in the United Kingdom upward and rightward are the more common options, as is forward, which is standard in phrasal verbs such as look forward to. Directional suffix -ward(s): British forwards, towards, rightwards, etc.
RAIL MAZE 2 LEVEL 77 YES YOU CAN FULL
4.2.1 Full stops and periods in abbreviations.3.1 Use of that and which in restrictive and non-restrictive relative clauses.
2.2 Different terms in different dialects.2.1 Words and phrases with different meanings.This can lead to some variations becoming extinct (for instance the wireless being progressively superseded by the radio) or the acceptance of wide variations as "perfectly good English" everywhere.Īlthough spoken American and British English are generally mutually intelligible, there are occasional differences which might cause embarrassment-for example, in American English a rubber is usually interpreted as a condom rather than an eraser and a British fanny refers to the female pubic area, while the American fanny refers to a butt or ass (US) or an arse (UK). Perhaps increased worldwide communication through radio, television, the Internet and globalisation has tended to reduce regional variation. Henry Sweet incorrectly predicted in 1877 that within a century American English, Australian English and British English would be mutually unintelligible ( A Handbook of Phonetics). in fiction George Bernard Shaw says that the United States and United Kingdom are "two countries divided by a common language" and Oscar Wilde says that "We have really everything in common with America nowadays, except, of course, the language" ( The Canterville Ghost, 1888). This divergence between American English and British English has provided opportunities for humorous comment: e.g. One particular contribution towards formalising these differences came from Noah Webster, who wrote the first American dictionary (published 1828) with the intention of showing that people in the United States spoke a different dialect from those spoken in the UK, much like a regional accent. A few words have completely different meanings in the two versions or are even unknown or not used in one of the versions. However, the differences in written and most spoken grammar structure tend to be much fewer than in other aspects of the language in terms of mutual intelligibility. Differences between the two include pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary (lexis), spelling, punctuation, idioms, and formatting of dates and numbers.
Over the past 400 years, the forms of the language used in the Americas-especially in the United States-and that used in the United Kingdom have diverged in a few minor ways, leading to the versions now often referred to as American English and British English. Written forms of British and American English as found in newspapers and textbooks vary little in their essential features, with only occasional noticeable differences. The language also spread to numerous other parts of the world as a result of British trade and colonisation and the spread of the former British Empire, which, by 1921, included 470–570 million people, about a quarter of the world's population.
The English language was introduced to the Americas by British colonisation, beginning in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. International English spelling comparison.
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